which software was the first available for microcomputers quizletnicole alexander bio

That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. most important part of computer. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. A. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture Dollars. "Best study app ever! spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. A computer could write it with a laser instead. The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. Computer Science. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Chapter 3: Computer Software Flashcards | Quizlet After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Bruce Artwick - Wikipedia Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Computer Chp. 1&2 Flashcards All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). See Answer. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. True False The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). Which software was the first available for microcomputers? VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. 1945: Memex Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. selecting effective instructional software. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Microcomputer - Wikipedia The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. Microsoft founded - HISTORY Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. Term. server. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. This real-time information system began operating in the early 1960s. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Question 13. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. . C. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). Linux - Wikipedia Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Quiz 1. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. 2.4 trillion. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. . MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. Level. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. D. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. Subject. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip.

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