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I have been reading & studying kiln schedules for years too. I made a simple frame from plywood strips and attached the insulation sheets to them with screws and fender washers. Another great option is to convert an existing shed or outbuilding to a lumber kiln. My question focuses on the initial relative humidity featured in the Safe Drying Rate table. Understand how kiln performance must be modified to permit the use of custom schedules for specific product applications; Be able to modify existing conventional kiln schedules to dry products in dehumidifier kilns; Recognize degrades common to various species, including hardwoods, and modify handling practices to minimize these For international returns, please click here. Thicker lumber like 5/4 or quartersawn lumber is naturally more stable. Operates at a temperature range from 80F - 160F (26 - 71C). 0 \ I'm thinking I could vent it manually, but with the RH so high externally I am not sure if that is the right thing to do. During the conditioning process, the only equipment operating are the fans, heater and the steam generator no dehumidifier. Once the lumber is sterilized, it is ready for the conditioning phase. Remove samples from the stack, and cut an inch or two off one end. /Name /ImagePart_0 My kiln schedule starts with running all fans and the dehumidifier for two days, measuring and removing water as it accumulates. This procedure is discussed in a following section. Windows and doors are also sealed, as well as any holes cut for electrical service. Maderas. Regardless of size, allow for a 36 door that opens to a hallway of open space. I made a simple frame from plywood strips and attached theinsulation sheets to them with screws and fender washers. For all kiln drying schedules, a heater should be used to sterilize the lumber and kill any insects that may be present. With a 130 F kiln temperature, sterilization will take 10 to 12 hours ( Dry Kiln Operators Manual, 1991 ). Gen. Tech. A discussion of how to apply "safe drying rate" calibrations with a home-built dehumidifying kiln. Our approach was to build and operate a small dehumidification dry kiln. Soon the DH won't show much water collected in the tray. stream I know your kiln is absolutely tight and perfectly sealed, but it has to vent some or it would overheat. A household dehumidifier (DH) removes moisture from the kiln chamber. Dehumidification: This kiln-drying process requires the use of a heat pump system to remove water from the wood. Instead of using expensive electrically reversible fans designed for commercial kilns, I came up with a simple hardware solution. I recommend a 2 x 3 sliding window with bug screen. Thicker lumber like 5/4 or quartersawn lumber is naturally more stable. Every Nyle Dehumidification Dry Kiln System Example: If the WBT falls below the set parameter measures and regulates internal kiln conditions the system will turn on the spray system. The problems with solar kilns include limited control over temperature and limited solar exposure, depending on your region and site location. This gives me a secondary method of tracking the drying process, using both water volume and moisture content (MC) readings. For all kiln drying schedules, a heater should be used to sterilize the lumber and kill any insects that may be present. In this paper, the effective schedules were further investigated for longer culm parts treated with boron. I am also curious why an initial temperature of 90F would have been selected. I was hoping someone could point me in the right direction or share experience. Select a heater with an adjustable thermostat and a tip-over shutoff. The delicate blue and white color scheme c (I have found that remotely monitoring the temperature and humidity with a WiFi sensor can be very helpful. The second most common type of drying is called dehumidification drying. 0000003109 00000 n Sign In Upload. 0000001208 00000 n Use the gridded drawings provided on the PDF, Woodworking | Blog | Videos | Plans | How To. The water tray can be removed and emptied manually, or a hole can be drilled through the wall of the shed to pass a drain tube. These are rough-saw red oak. This lets the operator sort stacks by lumber species, so they will be easy to retrieve when the drying cycle is complete. Determine the correct designation, such as T3-D2 for 4/4 red oak. Initially, I set the DH to 40% RH, because I dont want to remove moisture too quickly. Kiln dried wood typically sells for a third more than green lumber and eliminates the need for customers to incur costs associated with drying lumber . Although I can maintain the 90 degree temperature, I could not start at the recommended humidity level unless I added humidity. A pre-hung steel exterior door is ideal in this situation, because it offers weatherstripping and is fully insulated. Heres a classic project that both steps up and provides overflow seating. Willie Sandry is a furniture maker and a lumber kiln operator in Camas, Washington. Then, write down the appropriate MC ranges (determined in #2 above) in the second column. For DH kilns, use the same RH, but lower the temperature to the typical operating temperature for the compressor; raise temperature to steam values when convenient and possible. There might be a problem with that if the chamber overheats and has to be vented because some water will leave that way. For single-stack kilns, stationary fans are adequate. Then align each subsequent layer of stickers over the last. A lower RH setting will call for the DH to run more often. In the third column, write down the appropriate dry-bulb temperatures. If we revisit the example of a $1,300 gross savings from a load of 540 BF of white oak lumber, and we subtract the estimated cost of $62 to kiln dry the lumber, we arrive at a net savings of $1,238 less than retail. There may be more depression values than required; ignore the extra depression values in this table. Determine the equalization settings and conditioning settings, as required. With two-stack and three stack kilns, it is better to have reversible fans to alter the direction of airflow mid-cycle. Detailed design and custom manufacture of dehumidification and chiller systems for food processing, lumber drying and industrial applications. So, if you have 100 bf in the kiln, every 12 hours you would extract (12 hours *100bf * .0061 SDR) = 7.3 pints of water. This will allow the DH to drain automatically without you needing to enter the kiln. For a single-stack kiln I recommend a minimum shed size of 8 x 12. Dehumidifier suggestion: http://amzn.to/2iYZqVZThis is the first in a series of videos showing how I built a kiln for drying lumber. Kiln drying lumber is a simple, cost effective method recommended for anyone who wants to increase profits by selling dried lumber. A kiln schedule is a set of temperatures and humidities that are used during kiln operation. Wood-Mizer dehumidification and solar wood kilns range from 300 to 35,000 board feet capacity for drying lumber. This slows the end-grain drying and limits the severity of end checking. Air speed of 350 feet per minute is appropriate for common hardwoods such as oak and maple. Air speed of 350 feet per minute is appropriate for common hardwoods such as oak and maple. Dehumidification Kiln Drying. If severe enough, the lumber can develop honeycomb cracks throughout. Then align each subsequent layer of stickers over the last. When the operating conditions of this option are followed the material will meet the requirements of being kiln dried (KD) and heat treated . 0000002536 00000 n January 27, 2007. I don't remember how the air flow was arranged in the kiln in the magazine, but it sounds like that could be a problem for you. The DH is not needed at this time, as the lumber is already bone-dry. In-service replacement of warped 2 by 4's as wall studs or truss members is costly. A dehumidification kiln continuously recycles the heat throughout the chamber, rather than . 301 0 obj <>stream More than 75 percent of the existing hardwood dry kilns in the United States are steam heated, are humidity controlled and have reversible fans inside the kiln. Initially, I set the DH to 40% RH, because I dont want to remove moisture too quickly. in the kiln to dry specific wood products at a satisfactory rate without causing objectionable drying defects. Dehumidification kilns are similar to other kilns in basic construction and drying times are usually comparable. Made in China, it exudes the classic style of Asian and Chinese cultures, featuring a unique shape that sets it apart from traditional jars. My four main baffles consist of sheets of 1" Styrofoam insulation. MC values in the kiln schedules are based on the wettest half of the kiln samples. If required, look-up and write down the RH (sixth column) and EMC (seventh column) for each schedule step. . In contrast, a dehumidification kiln uses a sealed chamber, with only enough energy input to maintain the desired temperature. KD150 Series dehumidifier pdf manual download. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. Soon the DH wont show much water collected in the tray. Another common sticker size is 1 x 2, and these work fine as well. The fact is, most of my stacks of lumber air dry to 15% moisture content before entering the kiln. Both restrained and control boards were dried to approximately 9 percent moisture content, representative of final in-service condi- tions. When the drying is done in a kiln, the product is known as kiln-dried timber or lumber, whereas air drying is the more traditional method.. For these reasons, I feel it is best to let the shed breathe, and forgo a plastic vapor barrier. This prevents "dead spots" inside the chamber that experience limited airflow. Extruded polystyrene foam (blue or pink rigid foam) in this thickness has an R value of 10. Among the various sizes of southern yellow pine (SYP) dimension lumber, 2 by 4 is produced in the greatest volume. Projects included design, construction, installation and commissioning of heat-pump based dehumidification equipment for seafood and fish gelatin products, hardwood lumber kilns and laboratory testing. 44. An anemometer confirms that your effort constructing baffles was worthwhile. Instead of using expensive electrically reversible fans designed for commercial kilns, I came up with a simple hardware solution. 906 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 908 /H [ 710 498 ] /L 501020 /E 6532 /N 45 /T 482781 >> endobj xref 906 12 0000000016 00000 n Seems like a pretty simple way to run the kiln - once or twice a day just measure the amount of water extracted, and turn down the humidity a bit as needed. 0000001417 00000 n If you use a lot of lumber, and youre a decent hand at carpentry, a shed kiln will quickly pay for itself. I'm trying to find a timetable or drying schedule for the basic dehumidification kilns you see on youtube. Attic fans are a perfect way to provide airflow over the stacks of lumber. Air drying to 6 - 8% MC is a very long term proposition and I'm not a patient man so I wanted a means to finish dry lumber after air drying outside to the EMC of my area of around 12 - 14%. . A small "m" after the designation indicates that the wet-bulb temperatures should be adjusted to avoid temperatures below 90 F. See the above mentioned publication for details. My four main baffles consist of sheets of 1 Styrofoam insulation. Usually, you need anywhere between five to eight kiln schedules to complete the process. In this system, moist air is not vented out of the kiln but is dehumidified, then recirculated . Different species should not be loaded simultaneously into the kiln due to often differing kiln schedules. Forum Responses Wood Shrink/Swell estimator - A web-based program to estimate shrink/ swell in wood. Excel Program for Modeling Lumber Dry Kiln Operations - a model for lumber dry kiln operation. The air flow rate through your stacks should be about 350FPM. Our next kiln charge is scheduled to begin around February 6, 2023. A Checklist for Operators of Small Dry Kilns A companion to A Start-up Guide for Operators of Small Dry Kilns (FOR-132) Terry Conners, Forestry and Natural Resources There is a way to do the conversions and there is a chart published by Nyle to do it, if you want to do some academic exercise. At the end of the cycle I have the opposite problem. A heavy-duty 1,500-watt space heater works fine. As the MC drops and I crank the DH on more and more, the temp tends to rise up too high just from the heat the DH throws off, even though the light bulb heaters are not on at that point. /Subtype /Image After seven to 10 days, I reverse the fan direction to make sure all stacks of lumber dry evenly. Hardwood lumber kiln drying schedules typically keep the dry bulb temperature below 180 F (82 C). Basically, you dont want all of the air rushing out under the stack, so find a way to redirect it. This can create internal stress in the lumber that is released when sawing. High Temperature Kiln Drying Systems (160F) Loads up to 350,000 BF; Pull up to 20,000 pounds of water daily; Use standard drying schedule; Precision temperature and RH . Total costs for the materials were $2,704 based on 2006 prices. /Height 2587 On the last load of lumber I purchased, I saved $2.50 per board foot compared to retail prices for kiln-dried lumber. These well-known dehumidification kiln packages have been among our bestselling products for the past 30 years. For all kiln drying schedules, a heater should be used to sterilize the lumber and kill any insects that may be present. This can create internal stress in the lumber that is released when sawing. 3.) Place a 16 board on the floor behind the stack, tilted to a 45 angle. HT systems use 40-60% less energy than gas-fired or steam dry kilns. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS >> Hardwood lumber kiln drying schedules typically keep the dry bulb temperature below 180 F (82 C). My kiln uses four ceiling-mounted fans, each rated for 1,600 CFM. Hardwood kiln drying schedules typically keep the dry bulb temperature below 80 C (176 F). I decided on a dehumidification kiln after reading an article in Fine Woodworking (1991). Check out More On the Web for my complete calculations to figure savings. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Commercial scale steam kilns consume large amounts of energy. The last thing to do before starting the kiln is to close the gable vent with an insulated cover. Download Table of Contents. If you intend to kiln dry lumber from a green state, right off the sawmill, you will need to be well-versed in airflow rates and follow a detailed drying schedule. Saving money by drying your lumber may not be the answer for every woodworker, but the basics shown here demonstrate that it is within the reach and skills of the average person. Choosing a Kiln Schedule Dehumidification Kilns After two days operating only the fans and DH, I take note of the temperature. This helps keep the lumber straight during the drying cycle; in fact, improper placement of stickers can permanently deform lumber. Perhaps the best part: you wont need to calculate your lumber needs down to the board foot. Frequently, the lumber has already air-dried for several years in a barn or outbuilding. Without baffles, the top layers of lumber experience "potato chipping" with cupping, twisting or warping. Can also be used on any mobile device! Low Temperature Kiln Drying Systems (120F), High Temperature Kiln Drying Systems (160F), Very High Temperature Kiln Drying Systems (220F), Website Content Copyright 2023 Nyle Systems |, Affordable and easy method to accomplish top quality lumber drying, Designed specifically for any sized operation, Modular based systems for unlimited capacity, No boiler or steam required with gas furnace, Can be installed along side existing kilns, Chambers are sized with our DH systems to meet your lumber drying requirements.

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