which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?how to draw 15 degree angle with set square

Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. Q. By law, antiretroviral therapy must be available to all inmates who have HIV. Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. A jury found Murdaugh guilty of murdering his wife and son. The case of Gates v. Rowland dealt with the issue of? In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was _____. having to admit more inmates than there is available space. The "Founder of Probation" is John Augustus. Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). As of 2012, unions represented correctional officers in adult institutions in ________ states and the federal system. Develop a list of medical providers in the community to which the inmates will be returning. After release drop offs occur at every step of the HIV care cascade; linkage to HIV care and programs for reentry into HIV care are very important. [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. Which of the following states paid its correctional officers the highest median annual wage in 2014? [2], In 2018, the United States had the highest prison population rate (prisoners per 100,000 population) in the world and the total prison population in the United States was higher than any other country(Figure 3). poor, a high school dropout, unmarried, with children. Correctional Institutions. Treating HIV and AIDS in prison is difficult for all but one of the following reasons? The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. BJS collects data on the administration and operation of both types of facilities. Prisons, or institutions in which large numbers of convicted offenders spend time as punishment for crimes, are over a thousand years old. [11] As a result of improvements in antiretroviral therapies over time, the number of AIDS-related deaths in corrections has plummeted since the mid-1990s, similar to the trend in the general population; in recent years, fewer than 75 AIDS-related deaths per year have occurred in prisons (Figure 16). Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? The imprisonment rate for the United States is approximately_______per 100,000 citizens. [26,68] Multiple potential interventions can improve linkage to care, including HIV education during incarceration, careful discharge planning, securing stable housing, availability of transportation, employment opportunities, and care for substance use and mental health disorders. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. Initially the value of exponential function increases slowly but increases faster later on. This impacts correctional administrators' ability to? Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment, education or training is called? April 26, 2018. On June 19, 2002, the Supreme Court held in_______that the execution of the mentally retarded is cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. The term Lex Talionis means "Let the punishment be just". A special court that is given responsibilty to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders is called? Totality-of-conditions rulings have been handed down against prison systems in three states. As of year-end 2016, the United States had approximately 2.2 million persons housed in correctional facilities and had an incarcerated population that exceeded that of all other countries, in large part due to the justice system's approach to illegal drugs. Option B is correct. Each probation officer is given the following job description: Meeting and interviewing offenders and their relatives to evaluate and monitor their progress Recommending treatments, rehabilitation . A. What items most often assumes the symbolic value of money in the sub-rosa economy of a prison? The estimated national cost per year to confine an inmate over 55 years old is? The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. The first written laws of Rome were called? The case of Cruz v. Beto established the right of prisoners to have visits. High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. [54,55,56] Inmates with HIV have a very high rate of HCV coinfection, mental illness, and illiteracy: Incarcerated persons with HIV often present complex management challenges to prison medical staff who lack HIV expertise. [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. Research has shown that face-to-face contact before release results in increased likelihood of continuity in the community. Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. ______________ of isolation and silence became popular in Europe. a. Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by the probation officer. Evidence based corrections have shown very strong evidence that drug courts_______the future criminal activities of offenders. Adult offenders have trials; juvenile offenders have? In general, people sentenced to jail have a sentence of? [27,28]Data on state prison HIV intake testing practice for 2015 showed that 15 states performed mandatory HIV testing (tested all prisoners regardless without the need for consent) and 17 states provided opt-out HIV testing (offered the HIV test and the test was performed unless the prisoner declined) (Figure 12). The first legally chartered American custodial institution for juvenile offenders was? C. Some officers become overly authoritarian and confrontational. Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. In the typical noninstitutional medical setting, confidentiality in the context of healthcare is a protected entity under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). An assault in progress obviously calls for the use of force and/or a retreat by the . [69,70] Adherence counseling is particularly important, as studies have demonstrated that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is low in persons who have experienced multiple incarcerations. It is easy to state that one should not engage in sexual encounters, but it is harder to discuss and identify feelings that develop in correctional settings, such as transference and counter-transference feelings in a therapeutic relationship. Community clinics and correctional systems need to work together to find ways to adequately meet the needs of this population upon re-entry into the community. The workforce at most prisons is not organized into unions. Am J Public Health. Officers who conduct pre-sentence investigations utilize discretion in deciding what to include in a report and, most importantly, what sentence to recommend. Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison. A committment to a set of agreed-upon values aimed at the improvement of the organization while maintaining the highest standards of excellence is called? The case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have? [4] The demographics of community corrections closely mirrors that of jail and prison settings, with disproportionate representation of poor, disadvantaged, and racial and ethnic minorities. A. a type of sentence in which the offender must submit to intensive supervision in lieu of imprisonment, A. an opportunity to confront and cross-examine people who testify against them. Here are a few major instances where an escalation to the use of force may be required: 1. [19,20] Although the overall rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison has declined since 2001, the rate of AIDS-related deaths among Black inmates has remained higher than in White or Hispanic inmates. The term flogging means a type of hanging conducted in London. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. The "poorhouse of the twentieth century" are? your answer. At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. emdjay23. Show transcribed image text. The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. Factors that, although not justifying or excusing action, may reduce the culpability of the offender are called? Automatically remove your image background. The_______leads the United States in executions. Match the terms with the definitions. If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. [26] Fewer than 30% of persons with HIV in the United States who enter the correctional system do so with an undetectable HIV RNA level. ___________ officers are experienced correctional officers who know and can perform almost any custody role in the institution. Many prison movies have been made in recent years. Adult offenders are arrested; juvenile offenders are? In contrast, when analyzing by the prevalence rate of personswith HIV in state or federal prison, the HIV prevalence rate in women (range, 1.3-1.8%) was similar to the HIV prevalence rate in men (range, 1.3-1.4%) (Figure 11). The Check-on-Learning Questions are short and topic related. [9] In a study conducted among male inmates in a Georgia state prison system, intra-prison transmission of HIV was associated with male-male sex in prison, receipt of tattoos while in prison, age older than 26 years, having served at least 5 years of the current sentence, Black race, and low body mass index upon entry to prison. The ___________ constantly finds problems with the way the institution is run or with existing policies and rules. [77] Nevertheless, the community corrections population represents an important target for HIV screening and prevention services. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time. answer choices Home confinement What is the reason why the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality? This is because these offenders reside in the community rather than in jail or prison. The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? A place where the same people work, eat, sleep and engage in recreation together day after day is called? Further, efforts to cohort HIV-seropositive inmates also have in some cases led to adverse health outcomes, due to close proximity of multiple persons with immune suppression. A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? This is called__________. Since individuals often engage in activities that may increase risk for HIV acquisition following release from the correctional setting, secondary prevention is a critical component of transitional care planning. [17] Transgender women, in particular, have relatively higher rates of HIV and incarceration. The buyer has always had more power than the seller. When an officer is using "persuasive diplomacy" it is called ___________. The field of corrections is improving. Which of the following statements is true about a high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates? Option A is correct. Branding as a punishment for a crime was never practiced in the American colonies. Referral for mental health support as indicated. Which of the following Latin terms is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? In the correctional context the relationship between inmate privacy and institutional right-to-know remains contested, since correctional institutions are not alwasy considered covered entities under HIPAA. Life is typified by insecurity, stress, and unpredictability in prison., There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison., There is little privacy in prison., or Deprivation of personal freedom and material goods is pronounced in prison. Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. A due process hearing that must be conducted to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated is called? Which of the following statements is true? Majors, captains and correctional officers charged with maintaining order and security are called_____________. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of women's prisons? The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? Among different racial/ethnic groups, blacks have the highest incarceration rates. In the past, most studies viewed the problem of misconduct as one of individual problem officers, the so-called bad apples on the force. Reward power. Few inmates suffer from psychological problems. After release from prison or jail into the general community, persons with HIV may engage in sex activities that may increase their risk of transmitting HIV to others, particularly with their pre-incarceration sex partners. Community corrections refers to adults on probation or parole. [67] Programs that enhance linkage and entry into HIV care are crucial. A jail where inmates are housed in small groups or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a Second-Generation Jail. , which are essentially the same thing, both having a notion that the consequence of the act is the most important . Over 5 percent of women are pregnant at the time of incarceration. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). [31,34,35,36,37] One HIV testing project that included more than 33,000 inmates in four states (Florida, New York, Wisconsin, and Louisiana) identified 269 (0.8%) previously undiagnosed HIV infections, and 40% of them were among inmates whose only reported risk was heterosexual contact; this study underscores why HIV testing based only on reported risk factors will fail to identify a significant proportion of incarcerated persons with HIV. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for persons with HIV. As a rule, statements including these words have less of a chance of being correct. Which of the following is NOT a value or norm of the convict code? They are judged frivolous and are lost in the trial stage. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies., They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons., They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion., or They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy. Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . What Latin term is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? This is called _________. The religious order that pushed for prison reform of the Walnut Street Jail was the? Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibilty is called _____________. [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. . Explanation: As in years past, prison staffers are still most concerned with custody and control. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is called a? John Irvin said in 1986 that the purpose of jails was rabble management. For persons with HIV, the community or parole officer can often play a key role in keeping an individual engaged in care. From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. The states of________,Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of communtity service. As a rule, prison inmates are prohibited from practicing either conventional or unconventional religions in prison. ET for the sentencing for Alex Murdaugh. B. This has never been shown to be true, and facilities in the United States now do not usethis HIV cohorting stigmatizing practice.[53]. They always seek the easy path and they plot to win the cushiest jobs. According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons. A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? [7] An opt-in HIV testing approach is when the prisoner requests the test or the test is offered and performed only if the prisoner consents to the test. A. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. QUESTION 68 The process of civilian gang members with no prior criminal history being recruited to apply to become correctional officers is called: a. testing b.active recruiting O c downing a duck O d. empathy QUESTION 62 Why do some scholars say that the criminal justice system is designed to fail? [6]In the United States, from2008 through 2018, therewas an 8.6% decline in the total number of persons in prison and an 21.5% decrease in Black individuals who were in prison. The torture of Iraqi prisoners occurred under President__________. These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. Most systems provide 30 days or less of antiretroviral medications, which is problematic since the wait time for an appointment at many community clinics often exceeds a month. The CDC report on HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings includes recommendations on linkage to appropriate medical care upon release from custody (Table 2). [18], It is important to recognize the overlap of incarceration and HIV, particularly for low-income people of color. There are many common personality types that have been identified in correctional officers. The Auburn system was also known as the __________. A. In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. [9,22,23] A large meta-analysis estimated the incidence of transmission of viral infections within prisons and found rates of 0.08 per 100 person-years with HIV. [ 1] Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. Fails when it's ill conceived and/or not implemented as designed. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. An inmate who helps other inmates with various legal problems. [20] Adequate discharge planning and linkage to community medical care upon release often fall short of practices recommended by the CDC and only 30% of individuals are retained in HIV medical care after 6 months in the community. A. [6] From 2007 through 2018, Black individualsconsistently had higher prison incarceration rates were consistently higher among persons who are Black than those who are White(Figure 7). Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. Which of the following statements is true? The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? The conditional release of a prisoner, prior to completion of the imposed sentenced, under the supervision of the stateis called________. Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. that good educational programs reduce recidivism. To which of the following due process protections are they NOT entitled? 2.2 Utilitarian Ethics. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. Note: the numbers listed do not match the total listed since parolees who were also on probation were not included in the total listed. As of September 30, 2012, there were about ________ employees of adult correctional agencies in the United States. The _________ would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational and treatment programs. The ________ is a theory that states that the inmate society arises as a response to the prison environment and the painful conditions of confinement. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. Many states have resource manuals listing HIV care providers. Sellers should focus on being helpful because buyers are powerless and need help to buy. Persons with HIV who have incarceration periods for fewer than 7 days have the highest risk of treatment interruption; this is likely due to the chaotic nature of the jail setting, with rapid turnover, unpredictable lengths of stay, and lack of communication with regular care providers. Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. True or False? Having the inmate talk to a provider, a nurse, or a counselor at the follow-up clinic may help with concrete linkage to services. Sentences that are served together are called? [37] A more recent CDC HIV corrections testing project conducted from 2009-2013 found 0.3-0.4% of inmates tested in a broad range of correctional facilities were newly diagnosed with HIV(Figure 13). This graphic illustrates the concept that many more persons in the United States move through jails over time than in prisons. One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. a. If the defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt it is called? The case of_________ruled that "guilty beyond a reasonable doubt" should be the standard in all delinquency adjudications. Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c ), and show that intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers' center is a better strategy than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. Those officers assigned to security (or gun) towers, wall posts and perimeter patrols are called _____________. Since you've received 80% or better on this quiz, you may claim continuing education credit. Provide the inmate with date, time, and location of first post-release appointment in writing. signed by an officer. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. All of these infection control strategies would also provide an opportunity to address prevention of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is important given that as many as 41% of inmates have chronic HCV. The use of an opt-out HIV testing approach increases the number of persons tested for HIV when compared with use of opt-in HIV testing approach. January 2009:1-28. The American correctional Association expects of its members unfailing honesty, respect for the dignity and individuality of human beings and a commitment to professional and compassionate service. This is called__________. Referral to an HIV provider or specialist depending on the HIV medical providers experience, the stage of HIV, and complexity of medical issues. Buyers cannot move . Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? Which of the following statements is true? The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. Answer: Corrections officers are primarily concerned with custody and control. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. True or False? At times, obtaining a release of information from a patient to discuss their care with the community corrections officer or parole officer is an important step in coordinating medical care. answer choices. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. The case of__________supported the use of the death penalty if the State used guided discretionary capital statutes. [31,32,33], Studies have shown that HIV testing within the structured environment of corrections is effective and feasible; the cost-effectiveness of testing incarcerated populations varies with the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among inmates in any given testing area, but, overall, is on par with the cost of testing in the non-correctional setting. A national survey of a parole board members said that the most important factors in the decision to grant or deny parole was the _________. Crime in the United States has continued to increase over the last decade despite our best efforts to control it. The principle that the highest objective of public policy is the greatest happiness for the largest number of people is called? B. The Panopticon was designed to allow prison staff to observe inside each______. 1 officer for every 6.35 inmates. The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. [41] Prisoners may have concerns about confidentiality and/or lack trust in the prison health care system; these may compromise adherence and deter inmates from acknowledging their HIV status and accessing HIV care.[41,45]. Incarcerated individuals who exhibit unique physical, mental, social and progammatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners are called? If an inmate is suspected of forging an officer's signature, the pass should be verified immediately. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed.

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